A person intentionally causes another person’s death after deciding to kill and taking a meaningful step to prepare or arrange the killing.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person deliberately causes another person’s death without the planning required for SA 1.01.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person consciously creates an immediate and exceptionally grave danger to human life, shows indifference to whether a person dies, and thereby causes death.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person causes death by consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk to another person’s life.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person causes death through a serious departure from reasonable care when the deadly risk should have been apparent.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person intends and prepares to kill another person, then takes a direct substantial step toward causing that death, but death does not result.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person intends to kill another person and takes a direct substantial step toward that result, without the preparation required by SA 1.06, but death does not result.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person intentionally or knowingly inflicts an injury that threatens life, causes lasting disfigurement, or substantially impairs a bodily function.

Application. 13

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,000

A person intentionally kills a government employee after deciding to kill and taking a meaningful step to prepare or arrange the killing. The requirements in G7 apply, together with the degree elements in SA 1.01.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person deliberately kills a government employee without the planning required for first-degree murder. The requirements in G7 apply, together with the degree elements in SA 1.02.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person causes a government employee’s death by consciously creating an immediate and exceptionally grave danger to human life while showing indifference to whether a person dies. The requirements in G7 apply, together with the degree elements in SA 1.03.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person intends and prepares to kill a government employee, then takes a direct substantial step toward causing that death, but death does not result. The requirements in G7 apply.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person intends to kill a government employee and takes a direct substantial step toward that result, without the preparation required by SA 1.12, but death does not result. The requirements in G7 apply.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person intentionally applies unwanted physical force to another person without consent or lawful justification.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000

A person intentionally makes another person reasonably believe that unlawful physical force is about to be used, through conduct showing an apparent present ability to act.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500

A person intentionally attempts to injure another person with a deadly weapon or uses that weapon to create a reasonable fear of immediate serious injury.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000

A person communicates a serious threat to kill or seriously injure an identifiable person, intending the threat to be taken seriously, and causes reasonable sustained fear.

Application. 16

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,500

A person knowingly prevents another person from leaving a place, using force, intimidation, or a physical barrier, without consent or lawful authority.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $800 · Accessory: $600

A person knowingly moves another person a substantial distance or conceals them in a place of confinement by force, threats, or deception and without valid consent.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,200 · Accessory: $800

A person unlawfully restrains another person and threatens harm or continued detention to force a third party to provide something, release someone, or change a decision.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,200 · Accessory: $800

A person intentionally inflicts severe suffering to punish, intimidate, or extract information, or deliberately destroys or permanently disables a body part without medical justification.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person commits Kidnapping under SA 2.06 against a government employee in the circumstances defined by G7.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,500 · Accessory: $2,000

A person commits Hostaging under SA 2.07 against a government employee in the circumstances defined by G7.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,500 · Accessory: $2,000

A person commits Kidnapping under SA 2.06 against three or more distinct victims in the same criminal incident or continuous course of restraint, including at least one government employee whose official status and duties satisfy G7.

Application. 18

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,000

A person commits Hostaging under SA 2.07 against three or more distinct victims in the same criminal incident or continuous course of restraint, including at least one government employee whose official status and duties satisfy G7.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,000

A person commits Kidnapping under SA 2.06 against three or more distinct victims in the same criminal incident or continuous course of restraint.

Penalty: 25 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,500 · Accessory: $2,500

A person commits Hostaging under SA 2.07 against three or more distinct victims in the same criminal incident or continuous course of restraint.

Penalty: 25 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,500 · Accessory: $2,500

A person commits Battery under SA 2.01 against a government employee whose official status and duties satisfy G7.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,000

A person commits Assault under SA 2.02 against a government employee whose official status and duties satisfy G7.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,000

A person commits Aggravated Battery under SA 1.08 against a government employee whose official status and duties satisfy G7. The person intentionally or knowingly inflicts an injury that threatens life, causes lasting disfigurement, or substantially impairs a bodily function.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person commits Aggravated Assault under SA 2.03 against a government employee whose official status and duties satisfy G7. The person intentionally attempts to injure the employee with a deadly weapon or uses that weapon to create a reasonable fear of immediate serious injury.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person knowingly repeats unwanted targeted contact after clear notice to stop, intending to intimidate or seriously distress another person and causing that result.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000 · Accessory: $750

A person repeatedly follows, monitors, or tracks another person without lawful purpose, intending to cause fear for personal safety and causing reasonable fear. A Judge may adjust the stated fine according to the severity of the conduct and the harm caused, with reasons recorded in the decision.

Penalty: 50 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $15,000 · Accessory: $12,000

A person intentionally makes sexual contact with another person without freely given, informed, and continuing consent.

Penalty: 50 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $15,000 · Accessory: $12,000

A person uses threats, detention, or abuse of authority to compel another person to participate in sexual conduct without valid consent.

Application. 21

Penalty: 120 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $80,000 · Accessory: $75,000

A person recruits, transports, confines, or controls another person through force, fraud, or coercion for forced labor or exploitation.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly intercepts or accesses private communications without the permission of a participant or a specific lawful authorization.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,000

A person knowingly distributes another person’s private intimate material without consent, intending to humiliate, threaten, or obtain a benefit.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly conceals, mutilates, removes, or trades human remains without lawful medical, investigative, or burial authority.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly takes or retains another person’s property without permission and intends to permanently deprive its lawful holder of it.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,000

A person commits theft of a firearm, knowing the item is not theirs to take.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person takes or attempts to take property from another person’s immediate control through unlawful force or an immediate threat of force.

Penalty: 25 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person commits robbery while using or displaying a deadly weapon to obtain the property or overcome resistance.

Application. 23

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,000 · Accessory: $2,500

A person knowingly enters a building, secured room, or locked vehicle without permission, intending at entry to commit theft or another felony inside.

Penalty: 25 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,500 · Accessory: $2,000

A person knowingly receives, hides, sells, or keeps property obtained through theft, intending to help retain or dispose of it.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000 · Accessory: $800

A person knowingly organizes or repeatedly carries out the collection and resale of stolen property for profit.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person knowingly operates another person’s vehicle without consent but without an intent to permanently deprive the owner of it.

Application. 24

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $800 · Accessory: $600

A person knowingly takes, obtains, or exercises unlawful control over another person’s property, without consent and with intent to permanently deprive its lawful owner or possessor, where the property’s total value is $50,000 or more.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $10,000

Aggravated Grand Larceny is Grand Larceny involving property valued at $100,000 or more, or property valued at $50,000 or more where the theft targets Government property or funds belonging to a licensed business or financial institution, abuses a position of trust or authority, involves multiple victims, or is carried out through coordinated acts. Grand Larceny under SA 4.09 applies to theft of $50,000 or more that does not meet these aggravating circumstances.

Penalty: 45 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $20,000

A person knowingly takes or retains government-issued equipment without lawful authority, intending to permanently deprive the government of it. Weapons and vehicles are charged under SA 4.12 and SA 4.14 respectively.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,000 · Accessory: $2,500

A person knowingly takes or retains a government-issued firearm or other weapon without lawful authority, intending to permanently deprive the government of it.

Penalty: 25 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,000

A person knowingly takes, obtains, or exercises unlawful control over another person’s motor vehicle without consent and with intent to permanently deprive its lawful owner or possessor. No minimum vehicle value is required. Temporary unauthorized use without that intent is Joyriding under SA 4.08.

Application. 26

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,500 · Accessory: $2,000

A person commits Grand Theft Auto under SA 4.13 involving a vehicle they know is owned by the government and issued or assigned for official use.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,000

A person knowingly operates a vehicle owned by the government and issued or assigned for official use, knowing that status and lacking consent or lawful authority, but without intent to permanently deprive the government of it.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person knowingly enters nonpublic premises without permission or remains after an authorized holder clearly withdraws permission and allows a reasonable opportunity to leave.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000 · Accessory: $800

A person knowingly crosses a marked or clearly communicated security boundary of a detention facility, operational military site, or protected government workspace without authorization.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person intentionally or knowingly damages property belonging to another person without consent or legal justification.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $800 · Accessory: $600

A person intentionally damages property by a method that creates a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury, or knowingly disables essential safety equipment.

Application. 28

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000 · Accessory: $800

A person intentionally starts a fire to damage another person’s property or to obtain a fraudulent benefit, without lawful authority.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly damages or interferes with infrastructure and thereby substantially interrupts public water, power, emergency communications, or medical service.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person possesses tools or access devices intending to use them in an identifiable theft, burglary, or sabotage offense, and takes a concrete preparatory step toward that offense.

Penalty: 5 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $500 · Accessory: $300

A person knowingly alters, removes, or substitutes a vehicle identifier or registration plate to conceal ownership, disguise a stolen vehicle, or frustrate a specific investigation.

Application. 29

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $750 · Accessory: $500

A person knowingly makes a material false representation to obtain property or a service, and another person relies on it and suffers a loss.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly diverts property or money entrusted to them for an unauthorized personal or third-party benefit, intending to deprive its lawful holder.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person creates, materially alters, or knowingly presents a false document as authentic, intending to obtain a benefit, defeat a duty, or mislead an official decision.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly uses another person’s identity or credentials without permission to obtain a benefit, incur a liability, or evade a lawful process.

Application. 30

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000 · Accessory: $750

A person intentionally obtains or demands a benefit by threatening future violence, property damage, unlawful exposure of private information, or misuse of official power.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly transfers, converts, conceals, or disguises proceeds of criminal activity to hide their criminal origin, ownership, or control. Conviction of the person who committed the underlying offense is not required, but the prosecution must prove the criminal origin of the proceeds beyond reasonable doubt.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly directs or participates in a continuing organization through at least two separately provable felony acts on distinct occasions to advance its criminal purpose.

Penalty: 100 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $100,000 · Accessory: $80,000

A person knowingly conceals a taxable transaction or submits a false required return to evade a payment imposed by a published revenue rule.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly operates a business before DOJ has approved the required business license.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly possesses, controls, or accepts money or property that they know or reasonably believe was obtained through criminal activity, intending to retain it or benefit from it. The prosecution must prove the criminal origin and the required state of mind; marked bills, rolls of cash, or cash packaging alone are insufficient. Possession alone does not establish Money Laundering under SA 6.06. Apply C3 to overlapping charges for the same conduct.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000

A person offers, requests, gives, or accepts an improper benefit in exchange for influencing an official act, testimony, or public duty.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $4,000 · Accessory: $3,000

A public employee knowingly uses official power beyond lawful authority to obtain an improper benefit or intentionally deprive another person of a protected right.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly presents themselves as an authorized public officer and exercises or seeks to exercise powers of that office without authority.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,500

A person knowingly states a materially false fact under a valid oath in a judicial proceeding or sworn application.

Application. 33

Penalty: 40 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $15,000 · Accessory: $12,000

A person knowingly destroys, alters, fabricates, or conceals evidence intending to affect an existing or reasonably anticipated official investigation or proceeding.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,500

A person uses threats, force, or an improper benefit to prevent truthful reporting, alter testimony, or punish participation in a case.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $7,500 · Accessory: $7,000

A person knowingly commits an affirmative act that substantially prevents or delays a specific lawful official duty, after the duty and interference are reasonably apparent.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,500

A person knowingly reports a fabricated emergency or knowingly misuses emergency communications so as to divert responders or block genuine requests.

Application. 34

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,500

A public official or employee knowingly uses, transfers, or authorizes the use of public money or property for an unauthorized personal or third-party benefit. Prove knowledge that the use was unauthorized; a good-faith administrative mistake alone is insufficient. Where the same conduct also meets SA 6.02 or SA 7.02, apply C3 and charge the most specific applicable offense without duplicate punishment.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision

A person lawfully detained on reasonable suspicion of a specific offense or lawfully arrested knowingly refuses to provide their true full name to an identified peace officer after the officer explains the lawful basis, clearly requests identification, warns that refusal is an offense under this section, and allows a reasonable opportunity to comply. Knowingly giving a false name in response to that request also constitutes this offense.

Application. This duty does not apply to voluntary encounters or requests by government employees who are not acting as peace officers. It requires identification only, not answers about the alleged offense or a waiver of counsel. Inability to communicate, a genuine inability to recall, or lack of a physical identity document alone is not an offense. Refusal cannot supply the initial grounds for detention. Apply C3 to avoid duplicating a false-identity or obstruction charge for the same act.

Penalty: 5 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000

A person knowingly uses physical force to prevent a lawful arrest or lawful placement in custody after the officer’s purpose is apparent.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,200

A person knowingly leaves or defeats a lawful physical custody arrangement without permission.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person knowingly assists another person to escape lawful custody or deliberately conceals a person known to be wanted under a valid arrest warrant.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person knowingly violates a specific valid order directed to them, having received notice and having the ability to comply.

Application. 37

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,000

A person knowingly fails to attend a court appearance or comply with a valid attendance subpoena after proper notice and without a reasonable excuse.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500

A person intentionally engages in public fighting or threatening conduct that creates a substantial immediate risk of injury to bystanders.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,000

A person intentionally directs or urges a group to commit imminent unlawful violence and the direction creates a likely immediate outbreak or materially advances violence that occurs.

Penalty: 35 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $20,000 · Accessory: $15,000

A person knowingly crosses or refuses to leave a clearly communicated lawful emergency perimeter after a practical opportunity to comply, materially interfering with rescue or scene safety.

Application. 38

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000 · Accessory: $800

A person knowingly causes or continues unreasonable noise, including amplified music, loudspeakers, repeated horn use, or sustained shouting, that substantially disturbs nearby residents, businesses, or public activities, after a clear warning and a reasonable opportunity to reduce or stop it.

Penalty: Fine Only · Fine: $5,000

A person knowingly escapes from a prison, jail, or secure detention facility, or intentionally enables another person to escape from that facility, by breaching a secured barrier, defeating a security system, or using force, threats, or deception against custodial staff.

Application. 39

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: $50,000

A person knowingly possesses a Class 1 firearm without a valid firearm license or applicable official authorization under W2.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,200

A person knowingly possesses a weapon expressly prohibited by an adopted supplementary schedule without applicable authorization. Firearms and devices specifically covered by SA 9.01 and SA 9.09 through SA 9.13 must be charged under those specific provisions instead; do not duplicate possession counts for the same item.

Penalty: 25 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500 · Accessory: $1,200

A person knowingly possesses or uses restricted government equipment without official authorization, except temporary safekeeping solely to promptly report or return it to PD under W9.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,000 · Accessory: $2,500

A person intentionally displays a weapon to intimidate another person without a lawful protective purpose.

Application. 43

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500

A person knowingly discharges a weapon without lawful justification in circumstances creating a substantial risk of injury to another person.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000 · Accessory: $1,500

A person knowingly sells, transfers, or supplies a weapon or regulated ammunition contrary to a published transfer restriction or to a person known to be prohibited from receiving it.

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $100,000 · Accessory: $90,000

A civilian knowingly manufactures a firearm or modifies a firearm, or a person otherwise knowingly manufactures a prohibited weapon or makes an unauthorized prohibited conversion. Civilian firearm manufacture and modification are prohibited.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly makes, places, possesses, or activates an explosive or incendiary device intending unlawful injury, property destruction, or intimidation.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly possesses a Class 2 firearm without authorized government status or the limited hunting-rifle authorization in W2 and H2.

Penalty: 25 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000

A person knowingly possesses a weapon that uses 5.56mm ammunition and/or 12-gauge slugs without the written governmental authorization required by W3.

Penalty: 35 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,000

A person knowingly possesses an RPG launcher, RPG explosive projectile, or C4, or knowingly possesses another destructive device without the authorization required by W4. RPGs and C4 have no governmental authorization exception.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly possesses, produces, transfers, or deploys a weapon defined in W5 without specific lawful governmental authority.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly possesses a firearm chambered for .50-calibre ammunition without the written governmental authorization required by W3A. Establish knowing control, the firearm’s chambering, and lack of authorization. Do not add SA 9.02 or SA 9.10 for possession of the same firearm.

Penalty: 35 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,000

A person knowingly controls any quantity of a listed controlled substance without a valid prescription or applicable authorization. No minimum quantity is required for felony classification.

Penalty: 60 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000

A person knowingly possesses a controlled substance without authorization and intends to supply it unlawfully to another person.

Penalty: 80 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $8,000 · Accessory: $7,000

A person knowingly sells, delivers, or exchanges a controlled substance without the authorization required by the published schedule.

Penalty: 100 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $10,000 · Accessory: $9,000

A person knowingly cultivates, manufactures, or processes a controlled substance without required authorization and intends to produce the listed substance.

Application. 48

Penalty: 120 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $15,000 · Accessory: $13,000

A person knowingly obtains or redirects prescription medicine or restricted medical stock through forged authority, theft, or unauthorized professional access.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly operates an unlawful production site while consciously exposing others to a substantial risk from fire, toxins, or contamination.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person intentionally or knowingly contaminates food, medicine, or a shared water source so that use is likely to cause serious bodily injury.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly represents another person as a lawyer, or provides legal services reserved to a licensed lawyer, without current State Bar admission administered by DOJ, while claiming authority to practice. This revision establishes no new medical licensing requirement.

Application. 49

Penalty: 60 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $100,000

A person knowingly drives a vehicle without the valid license required for that vehicle, including a revoked license. Knowing driving during suspension is charged under SA 11.09 instead of this section for the same act.

Penalty: Verbal Warning · Fine: $1,000

A person operates a vehicle knowing it lacks registration or required safety equipment under a published rule, or proceeds after a clear defect notice and reasonable chance to correct it.

Penalty: Verbal Warning · Fine: $1,000

A driver exceeds the applicable posted or published speed limit, as shown by a reliable measurement tied to that vehicle.

Penalty: Verbal Warning · Fine: $1,500

A driver fails to obey an applicable traffic signal, lane direction, lawful turn restriction, or right-of-way requirement that was reasonably visible.

Application. 51

Penalty: Verbal Warning · Fine: $500

A driver departs from reasonable care and thereby creates a foreseeable road hazard without the conscious disregard required for reckless driving.

Penalty: Verbal Warning · Fine: $800

A driver consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable danger to people or property through the manner of driving.

Penalty: Judge Hearing · Fine: Judge Hearing

A person drives while alcohol, drugs, or another intoxicant materially impairs safe control of the vehicle, knowing they consumed the impairing substance.

Penalty: Judge Hearing · Fine: Judge Hearing

A driver knowingly involved in a collision involving damage or injury leaves without stopping safely, providing identification, and seeking reasonably necessary assistance.

Penalty: Judge Hearing · Fine: Judge Hearing

A person knowingly drives a vehicle while the relevant driving license is suspended.

Penalty: Judge Hearing · Fine: Judge Hearing

A vehicle occupant knowingly fails to use an available fitted seatbelt, or a motorcycle rider or passenger knowingly travels without a helmet on a public road.

Application. 53

Penalty: Fine only · Fine: $500 · Accessory: $250

A driver, pilot, or vessel operator knowingly refuses a clearly identifiable officer’s lawful signal to stop or land and deliberately uses the vehicle to avoid that direction.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,000 · Accessory: $800

A person commits intentional vehicle evasion while consciously creating a substantial danger of serious bodily injury through the manner of flight.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $1,500

A person knowingly takes part as a driver or organizer in a competitive speed or timed driving event on an open public road without required authorization.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,000

A driver knowingly fails to give a safe and reasonable passage to an identifiable responding emergency vehicle using required warning signals.

Application. 54

Penalty: Verbal Warning · Fine: $1,000

A person knowingly parks or leaves a vehicle in a prohibited location or where it materially blocks traffic, emergency access, or a lawful entrance.

Penalty: Fine Only · Fine: $500

A person knowingly operates an aircraft or regulated vessel without the authorization required by a published licensing rule.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $2,500 · Accessory: $2,000

A pilot or vessel operator consciously disregards a substantial risk of serious bodily injury through low flight, unsafe landing, collision maneuvers, or comparable navigation.

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,500 · Accessory: $3,000

An aircraft operator knowingly flies directly above the grounds of a military base or prison at any altitude without permission from LEO High Command. The restricted area has no surrounding buffer.

Application. 55

Penalty: 20 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000

A person knowingly releases or abandons a hazardous substance and consciously creates a substantial danger to public health or a protected habitat.

Penalty: 15 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $5,000 · Accessory: $4,000

A person knowingly dumps waste or extracts timber, minerals, or other protected resources in breach of a published location or permit restriction.

Penalty: 10 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $3,500 · Accessory: $3,000

A person commits or directly attempts serious violence intending to intimidate a civilian population or force a governmental decision through fear of that violence.

Penalty: Judge Decision · Fine: Judge Decision · Accessory: Judge Decision

A person knowingly disables a critical election, detention, defense, or emergency system intending to prevent its lawful operation or enable a violent takeover.

Application. 57

Penalty: 30 Months Imprisonment · Fine: $20,000 · Accessory: $15,000